This study examined the effect of financial deepening on commercial banks soundness in Nigeria. time series data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin while cross sectional data of bank soundness were sourced from financial statement of the quoted commercial banks from 2014-2023. Capital adequacy, assets quality and liquidity was modeled as the function of Credit to Private Sector as percentage of Gross Domestic Product, Broad Money Supply as percentage of Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rate Spared as the difference between lending and deposit rate, Market Capitalization Ratio as the percentage of market capitalization to Gross Domestic Product and Financial market depth as total market instrument to gross domestic product. Panel data ordinary least square was used. The study found that Private Sector Credit as percentage of gross domestic product has significant effect, Private Sector Credit as percentage of gross domestic product has no significant effect Private Sector Credit as percentage of gross domestic product has no significant effect. Ratio of Broad Money Supply as percentage of gross domestic product has no significant effect on quoted commercial banks capital adequacy in Nigeria, Ratio of Broad Money Supply as percentage of gross domestic product has no significant effect on quoted commercial banks liquidity, interest rate spread has no significant effect, Market Capitalization Ratio as percentage of market capitalization has significant effect, financial market depth has no significant effect, that financial market depth has significant effect while financial market depth has no significant effect on quoted commercial banks liquidity in Nigeria. From the findings, it was evidence that financial deepening has mixed effect on commercial banks soundness. We recommend that monetary authorities should ensure stability of financial deepening indicators and commercial banks managers should device strategy to manage the volatility of financial deepening variables.

Keywords: Financial Deepening, Commercial Bank, Soundness Panel Data, Nigeria.

The interrelationship between venture capital investments and innovation within the European FinTech market was investigated over the period from January 2015 to July 2022. In the study period, the monthly granted patents by the European Patent Office were employed as the quantification of innovation. The stock, as well as the number, of venture capital investments across the member states of the European Patent Office were collected.

The results demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the aggregate volume of venture capital investments and innovation, and a slightly weaker correlation between the number of venture capital investments and innovation. The potential causal effect of venture capital availability on innovation output, as measured by patents, is highly likely to account for more than 40% (investment volume) or more than 20% (number of investments) of the dispersion in patent grants. Furthermore, the study’s results suggest the existence of a reverse relationship, where a high patent output attracts new capital investments.

Keywords: Fin Tech, patent, Europe, venture, capital, seed, grants, investment, innovation, volume

JEL: G24, O31.

India, a rapidly developing economy, has recently experienced significant inflationary pressures, driven by a confluence of global and domestic factors. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent trends in India’s inflation and critically examines its multifaceted and disproportionate impact on the nation’s poor. Drawing upon a review of literature up to 2025, this paper employs a conceptual framework that links macroeconomic inflation to micro-level household vulnerability, particularly focusing on consumption patterns, real income erosion, and access to essential services. The methodology involves a systematic synthesis of secondary data from academic journals, government reports, and institutional analyses. Findings indicate that food and fuel price inflation are primary drivers of distress, compelling the poor to alter consumption, deplete meager savings, and fall deeper into debt. The article highlights the inadequacy of existing social safety nets in fully mitigating these shocks and proposes an integrated policy framework encompassing targeted subsidies, supply-side reforms, and robust social protection measures to safeguard the livelihoods and well-being of India’s most vulnerable populations.

Keywords: India, inflation, poverty, economic impact, food prices, fuel prices, social safety nets, real income, purchasing power, economic vulnerability.

This paper examined the impacts of circular economy practices on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it examined the impact of recycling, dematerialization, refurbishment, and renewable energy on the financial performance from 2013 to 2022. The study employed a longitudinal research design. The data were obtained from the annual reports of forty-six (46) listed manufacturing firms on the Nigeria Exchange Group. The panel data regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that whereas renewable energy and refurbishment have positive and significant impact on the financial performance, recycling and dematerialization have positive but insignificant impact on the financial performance. Therefore, the paper concludes that the movement towards the circular business model and practices, particularly refurbishment and renewal energy management by listed manufacturing firms has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance. The paper recommends that more attention should be paid to CE practices particularly refurbishment and renewal energy practices and initiatives, by government, manufacturing firms and other stakeholders; and there should be integration and alignment of circular economy practices with the corporate strategies, among others.

Keywords: Circular economy, financial performance, refurbishment, recycling, dematerialization, renewable energy.

The study examined how the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria is influenced by company income tax, effective tax rate and tax incentive. The study adopted ex post facto research design as the data used were mainly secondary in nature. Study population comprised all listed companies in the manufacturing category. However, ten companies were selected as sample based on data availability. Data collected covered a period from 2015 to 2024, and these data were analyzed using random effect regression. Results showed that both company income tax has a significant negative effect on financial performance at 10% significance level, while the effect of effective tax rate is positively significant on the financial performance of the studied firms. Also, findings revealed that tax incentives have significant positive effect on the financial performance of the sampled firms at 1% significance level. it can be concluded that increase in company income tax will possibly reduce firms’ financial performance, while increase in effective tax rate and tax incentives is likely to improve firms’ financial performance, all things being equal.

Keywords: Company Income Tax, Effective Tax Rate, Tax Incentive, Financial Performance.

The study examined how the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria is influenced by company income tax, effective tax rate and tax incentive. The study adopted ex post facto research design as the data used were mainly secondary in nature. Study population comprised all listed companies in the manufacturing category. However, ten companies were selected as sample based on data availability. Data collected covered a period from 2015 to 2024, and these data were analyzed using random effect regression. Results showed that both company income tax has a significant negative effect on financial performance at 10% significance level, while the effect of effective tax rate is positively significant on the financial performance of the studied firms. Also, findings revealed that tax incentives have significant positive effect on the financial performance of the sampled firms at 1% significance level. it can be concluded that increase in company income tax will possibly reduce firms’ financial performance, while increase in effective tax rate and tax incentives is likely to improve firms’ financial performance, all things being equal.

Keywords: Company Income Tax, Effective Tax Rate, Tax Incentive, Financial Performance.